Thursday, 12 June 2014

tugas bahasa inggris 2



Anne of green gables

·        mrs. Rachel is surprised
One day in early June, as Mrs. Rachel looked out her window, she saw matthew ride by. He was wearing a white collar and his best suit of clothes a sure sign he was leaving Avonlea. And his horse and buggy looked newly cleaned. Where could be going?
     Mrs. Rachel knew that Ali was a quiet man who rarely went far from home. Although she thought long and hard, she didi not know what to make of what she had just seen. “I’ll just step over to green gables and ask his sister Marilla where he’s gone and why after tea,”she told herself.
     Mrs. Rachel walked along the path beside the brook. This brook ran through most of Avonlea, it started near the matthew place, twisted and turned, bubbled through pools and over rocks. By the time it reached and hollow near Mrs. Rachel’s house, it was calm and quiet. People said that even a brook would never eisk making too much noise near Mrs. Rachel’s place.
     Green gables was built far back from the main road, by Marilla and matthew’s father a man as quiet and shy as his son. It sat far back from the main road, surrounded by orchards. “no wonder Marilla and matthew are so set in their ways, with only trees and each other to talk to,” Mrs. Rachel said. “but their home certainly is lovely.”
     The house at green gables looked well cared for. There wasn’t stray stick or stone to be found in the yard. Privately, she wondered whether Marilla cwept that yard as often as she swept her house. One could have eaten a meal off that ground.
     She knocked on the kitchen door and entered. The kitchen was large with big windows looking out on the yard and orchards. Sunlight poured in. marilla was sitting at the table knitting.
     Mrs. Rachel noticed that the table was set for three people and that Marilla didi not use her good dishes. The dinner guest must not be too important. mrs. Rachel was now more curious than ever. Nothing unexpected ever happened at green gables.
     “good afternoon, Rachel,” Marilla said, “how is your family?” ?Marilla was a tall, thin woman. Her dark hair, always twisted into a hard little knot at the back of her head, snowed some gray streaks.
     “we are fine. I was concerned about you, though, when I saw matthew go by with thehorde and buggy. Is everything all right?”
     Marilla had expected her. She knew that matthew would drive right past Mrs. Rachel’s window, making her curious. Despite their differences or perhaps because of them they were friends. She tired not to smile at Rachel’s attempts to discover more information.
     “I am quite well today, thank you, although I had quite the heasche yesterday. matthew went to bright river. We’re getting a little boy from the orphanage in Nova scotia. Matthew went to the train station to get him.”
     If Marilla had said that matthew had gone to bright river to fetch a kangaroo from Australia, Mrs. Rachel couldn’t have been more surprised. “is that true, Marilla? What on earth put such a nation in your head?”
     Marilla spoke as if getting an orphan boy was a common, everyday event. “ matthew is getting up in years he’s sixty his heart troubles him a great deal, and we thought a boy would be a big help. Mrs. Spencer was going to the orphanage to get her self a little girl, so we sent word asking her to bring back a boy for us. We plan to bring him up right, give him a good home, and send him to school. We got the telegram today they’ll arrive on the five thirty train at bright river.”
     “well, Marilla,” Rachel began. She prided herself on always speaking her mind, and this was no exception. “ I think you are doing a foolish thing a risky thing bringing a stranger into your home. You know nothing of this boy or of this family.”
     Marilla didn’t look up from her knitting. “I’ve had some worries my self,” she admitted, “but matthew was set on the idea. He so reraly sets his mind on anything that I felt I should give in. besides, Rachel, there are risks with most things in life.”
     “well, I hope it turns out all right,” said Mrs. Rachel. But her tone indicated she thought it unlikely.
Although she would have liked to stay and meet the orphan boy, Mrs. Rachel knew it was time to leave. She would just have time to run to the Bell’s  pace to tell them the news before supper.
“I do feel sorry for that young boy,” she said to herself. “imagine living in that household with the matthew, who khow nothing of children, I often wonder if they were ever children them selves.”

·        matthew is surprised
It was eight miles from Avonlea to bright river. matthew and his horse assed by farms and orchards. After awhile, he began to enjoy the ride.
     matthew was tall with long gray hair that touched his shoulders and a full brown beard.
     When he reached bright river there was no sign of the train. Thinking he was too early, he tied up his horse and went inside. The only person on the long platform was a girl. She was waiting for something or somebody, and, since sitting and waiting was the only thing to do just then, she sat and waited with all her might.
     matthew asked if the five thirty train would come soon. “it’s been in and gone half and hour ago,” the station master told him. “but there was someone dropped off for you a little girl. She’s sitting out there on the bench. I said she could wait inside but the said ‘ there was more scope for the imagination’ outside. She’s strange little thing.”
     “little girl?” matthew could barely get the words out. “we’re expecting a boy. Mrs. Spencer was to bring him from nova scotia.”
     “guess there’s some mistake. Mrs. Spencer left that girl here, saying you would come fetch her.”
     “I don’t understand,” said ali helpessly. “well. You better ask the girl,” said the station master. “ I’m sure she can explain it. You’ll be lucky to get word in, though.” He turned back to his work.
     Poor, shy matthew had to find a way to walk up to a girl a strange orphan girl and demand to know why she wasn’t a boy.
     She was wearing a very short, tight, ugly yel low dress. Her hair, hanging down in two thick braids, was very, very red. Her face was small, white, and thin with many, many freckles. She had been watching him with her large green eyes since he arrived.
     matthew was spared the trouble of speaking first. As soon as she realized he was looking for her, she stood up and held out her hand. “I sup pose you are matthew of green gables?” I’m very glad to meet you. I was starting to worry that you’d never arrive. I decided that if I werw left here would walk down the track to that cherry tree and climb up to spend the night. It would be so lovely to wake up in white cherry blossoms, don’t you think? I was sure that you would come for me by morning, though.”
     matthew had taken the scrawny little hand in his. He knew he could not tell this child with the glowing eyes that there had been a mistake. He would take her home and tel marilla do that, besides, he couldn’t just leave her at the station. “im sorry I was late,” he said shyly.”come along. The horse is there, give me your bag.” After a short pause, matthew added, “please.”
     “oh, I can take it,” the cild said cheerfully. “I’ve got all my worldly goods in it, but it isn’t heavy. I’m so glad you came for me even though it woulld’ve been nice to sleep in the cherry tree. We have a long ride ahead of us, don’t we? Mrs. Spencer said it was eight miles. I love driving, so I won’t mind a bit. Oh, it seems so wonderful thst I’m going to live with you and belong to you. I’ve never belonged to anybody not really. I was in the orphanage for four mounths, but I’m glad that time is over. Every one there was good and nice but they lacked imagination. As for me, I could imagine that the girl next to me was really a princess, snatched by kidnappers. I used to lie awake at night thinking of things like that because I didn’t have time during the day.”
     Out of breath, she stopped talking when they reached the buggy. They rode in silence until they passed through and orchard of plum trees. She broke off a brach that brushed against the side of the buggy. “isn’t that beautiful? What did that white tree, leaning over the road, remind you of?” she asked.
     “well now, I dunno, “said matthew.
     “why, a bride, of course! A bride all in white with a lovely veil. I’ve never seen one, but I can imagine what she would look like. I”ve never had a pretty dress in my life, but it’s all the more to look dorward to, isn’t it? This morning when I left the orphanage I simply imagined that I was wearing the most beautiful silk dress I might as well imagine something worthwhile. It cheered me up right away.
     “oh, look, more cheery trees all in bloom!” she kept talking. “ptince Edward island is so beautiful! I just love it already and am so glad I’m going to live here. But why are the roads so red? Mrs. Spencer said I must have asked her a thousand questions already, and fir pity’s sake not to ask any more. I suppose I had, but how are you going to find out about things if you don’t ask questions?”
     “well now, I dunno, “ said matthew.
     “isn’t it wonderful to think of all the things there are to think about? It’s such an interesting world. It wouldn’t be half so interesting idf we knew all about everything, would it? There’d be no scope for imagination then, would there?
     “but am I talking too much? People are always telling me I do. Would you rather I didn’t talk? I can stop when I make up my mind to, although it’s difficult.”
     matthew, much to his own surprise, was enjoying him self. Like most quiet folks, he liked people who talked a lot. They didn’t expect him to keep up his end of it. But he never expected to enjoy the company of a little girl so much. “oh, you can talk as much as you like, “he said.”I don’t mind.”
     “oh. I’m ever so glad. I know you and I are going to get along fine. It’s such a relief to talk when one wants to, and not be told not to. People laugh at me because I use big words, but if you have big ideas, you have to use big words to express them.”
     With one small turn, they were on the “avenue” a short stretch of road with trees lining both sides a tunnel of leaves, branches, and blossoms. Its beauty struck the child dumb. She clasped her hands together and looked at the trees with awe.
     Hen they turned onto another she said, “oh, Mr. matthew, that’s the first place I’ve seen that couldn’t be improved by imagination. It’s so beautiful, I can feel in my chest. It’s like an ache. Have you ever had an anche like that Me. matthew?”
     “well now, I don’t think I have”
     “I’ve felt that ache many times. I shall call that place the white way of delight. It really is the only name for it, you know.”
     They passed a gray house with a pond nearby. “oh, look at that pond, Mr. matthew. I will name the lake of shinning waters.”
     “well, ,ost people call it barry”s pond since that”s Mr. Barry’s house.” matthew was trying to keep up with the girk but it was hard to do.
“does Mr. barry have any little girls? About my age?”
     “he’s got one sbout eleven. Her name is Diana.”
“oh!” she said. “what a lovely name! and she’s exactly my age.” The girl clapped her hands together and laughed.
     “we”re akmost home now,” matthew said.
     “is that it over there?” she pointed to a horse barely visible through the trees. “as soon as I saw it, it felt like home.”
     matthew started to worry. He was glad it was marilla who woluld tell this little girl there had been a mistake. How could they disappoint her? He could not bear to think of the excited loght going out of her eyes.
“listen to the trees talking in their sleep,” she whispered, as he lifted her to the ground. “what nice dreams they must have!”
     Then, carrying the bag with “all her worldly goods” in it she followed him into the house.
·        Marilla is surprised

Marila stopped in her tracks as ali and strange little redhead walked in.
“matthew, who’s that?” she said. “where’s the boy?”
                   “there wasn’t boy.” He said. “there was only her.” He nodded to the child and suddenly remembered he had never asked her name.
          “how could there not be a boy?” marilla asked. “we sent word to mrs. Spencer to bring us a boy.”
          “well, she didn”t. I asked the stationmaster. I couldn’t just leave her there, in any event, no matter what mistake was made.”
The child remained silent, her eyes roving from one to the other. She dropped her bag. “you don’t want me because I’m not a boy!” she cried. “ I might have to burst into tears!”
          And burst into tears she did. Dhe buried her head in her hands and started to cry. Marilla and ali looked at one another. They didn’t know what to do.
          “well, well, there’s no need to cry,” marilla said.
          “yes there is a need!” she lifted her head.
          “if you werw an orphan and werw told yor new home isn’t really yours because you aren’t a boy, you would cry, too. This is the most tragical thing that’s ever happened to me!”
          Soething close to a smile crossed marilla’s lips although it had been so  long since she smiled it was hard to tell.
          “well, don’t cry anymore. We’re not going to turn out to night. You’ll stay until we learn what happened.” Marilla thought of one more thing. “and what is your name?”
“anne, “ she said rather sadly. “but please call me anne spelled with and ‘e’.”
          “what difference does it make?” another rusty smile crossed marilla’s lips.
          “oh, it makes such a difference. It looks much prettier for one. anne with an ‘e’ is so much more romantic, don’t you think?”
          “very well, then, anne spelled with an ‘a’ can you tell me how this mistake was made? Were there no boys at the orphanage?”
          “oh, yes,many,” anne answered. “but mrs. Spencer said quite clearly that you wanted a girl about eleven. So they sent me.”
          anne turned to anne. “oh, why didn’t tell me this at the station? If I hadn’t seen whute way of delight and the lake of shinning waters, it wouldn’t be so hard. Its all so tragical!”
          “what on earth does she mean?” marilla demanded. “lake of shinning waters?”
          “she she’s talking about things we saw on our ride home. The lake it barry’s pond,” anne sait quietly. “ I should go out and tend the mare. She’ll need water. “ he went quickly outside.
          “let me hang up your coat, then. When ali comes back we’ll have supper and talk about this later.”
          anne couldn’t eat, thogh she nibbled at her food, but it was hard to swallow. “please don’t think poorly of me because I can’t eat. I really wish I could. Everything is very nice.”
          Marilla looked at the girl. She was so tired and sad that could barely sit up straight. “maybe its time for bed,” marilla said. “nothing can be done until morning anyway.”
          In a room next to the kitchen was a bed for the orphan boy but it didn’t seem right for a girl. anne would have to sleep in the east gable room. Marillla picked up a cadle and told ica follow her.
          anne moved slowly, taking her bag with her. She noticed that the house was very, very clean. Nothing was out of place.
          “now, get ready   for bed. I’ll be back to put out the candle.”
          anne looked around the room. It was bare expect for a bed, a table and chair, and washstand and mirror. She puton on her nightgown and jumprd into bed.
          Marilla came in saw anne’s clothes scattered on the floor. She picked them up, placing them neatly on the chair.
“good night,” she said a little awkwardly.
          “how can you say its good night? This is the worst night of my life!” anne cried. She buried her face in the pillow.
          Marilla went back to the kitchen. She did the dishes in silence as matthew  sat in the corner smoking his pipe.
          “we should have gone to the orphanage our selves,” marilla finally said. “I’ll go see about this tomorrow. The girl will have to be sent back.”
          “well now, marilla , she’s a nice little thing. And she’s so set on staying.”
          Marilla was shocked.”ali! you don’t mean you want to keep her?”
          “we might do her some good,” he said quietly.
          “I could hire a local boy for chores. anne could help you.”
          “ I don’t need any help!” said marilla. “we wanted a boy to help you.”
          “well now , marilla, whatever you think is best.”
He got up from his chair and went to bed.
          Marilla was left alone with her thoughts, and there were an awful lot of them.
To be continue….

                  



Saturday, 26 April 2014

direct and indirect speech



Direct and indirect speech
Introduction.
There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person.
  1. Direct speech
  2. Indirect speech
Suppose your friend whose name is John tells you in school, “I will give you a pen”. You come to home and you want to tell your brother what your friend told you. There are two ways to tell him.

Direct speech:
John said, “I will give you a pen”.
Indirect Speech: John said that he would give me a pen.

In direct speech the original words of person are narrated (no change is made) and are enclosed in quotation mark. While in indirect speech some changes are made in original words of the person because these words have been uttered in past so the tense will change accordingly and pronoun may also be changed accordingly. In indirect speech the statement of the person is not enclosed in quotation marks, the word “that” may be used before the statement to show that it is indirect speech.  Indirect speech is also called reported speech because reported speech refers to the second part of indirect speech in which something has been told by a person.
Reporting verb: The verb first part of sentence (i.e. he said, she said, he says, they said, she says,) before the statement of a person in sentence is called reporting verb.
Examples. In all of the following example the reporting verb is “said”.
              He said, “I work in a factory”                           (Direct speech)
              He said that he worked in a factory.                (Indirect speech)
              They said, “we are going to cinema”               (Direct speech)
              They said that they were going to cinema.      (Indirect speech)
 Reported Speech. The second part of indirect speech in which something has been told by a person (which is enclosed in quotation marks in direct speech) is called reported speech. For example, a sentence of indirect speech is, He said that he worked in a factory. In this sentence the second part “he worked in a factory” is called reported speech and that is why the indirect speech as a whole can also be called reported speech.



Fundamental rules for indirect speech.
  1. Reported speech is not enclosed in quotation marks.
  2. Use of word “that”: The word “that” is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech.
  3. Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change.
In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed in indirect speech into the pronoun (Subject) of reporting verb that is “he”.

Example.

       Direct speech: He said, “I am happy”
       Indirect Speech: He said that he was happy.
       Direct speech: I said to him, “you are intelligent”
       Indirect Speech: I said him that he was intelligent. (“You” changed to “he” the                                                                                person of object of reporting verb)
  1. Change in time: Time is changed according to certain rules like now to then, today to that day, tomorrow to next day and yesterday to previous day.
Examples.
Direct speech: He said, “I am happy today”
Indirect Speech: He said that he was happy that day.
  1. Change in the tense of reported speech: If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to past tense the tense of reported speech will change. If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to present or future tense, the tense of reported speech will not change.

Table for change in tense of reported speech for all TENSES.


     TENSE CHANGE - IN - INDIRECT SPEECH
     Present simple tense into Past simple
     Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
     Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
     Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
     Past simple into Past Perfect
     Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
     Past Perfect into Past Perfect
     Future simple, will into would
     Future Continuous, will be into would be
     Future Perfect, will have into would have


Examples.

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

   PRESENT TENSE

                 PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE

He said, “I write a letter”

She said, “he goes to school daily”

They said, “we love our country”

He said, “he does not like computer”

He said that he wrote a letter.

He said that she went to school daily.

They said that they loved their country

He said that he did not like computer.

   PRESENT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST CONTINUOUS

He said, “he is listening to the music”

She said, “I am washing my clothes”

They said, “we are enjoying the weather”

I said, “it is raining”
She said, “I am not laughing”

He said that he was listening to the music.

She said that she was washing her clothes.

They said that they were not enjoying the weather.

She said that she was not laughing.

              PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT

She said, “he has finished his work”

He said, “I have started a job”

I said, “she have eaten the meal”

They said, “we have not gone to New York.

She said that he had finished his work.

He said that he had started a job.

I said that she had eaten the meal.

They said that they had not gone to New York.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He said, “I have been studying since 3 O’clock”

She said, “It has been raining for three days.”

I said, “She has been working in this office since 2007”

He said that he had been studying since 3 O’clock.

She said that it been raining for three days.

I said that she had been working in this office since 2007.

PAST TENSE

                PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT

He said to me, “you answered correctly”

John said, “they went to cinema”

He said, “I made a table”
She said, “I didn’t buy a car”

He said to me that I had answered correctly.

John said that they had gone to cinema.

He said that he had made a table.

She said that she had not bought a car.

PAST CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

They said, “we were enjoying the weather”

He said to me, “ I was waiting for you”

I said, “It was raining”
She said, “I was not laughing”

They said that they had been enjoying.

He said to me that he had been waiting for me.
I said that it had been raining.

She said that she not been laughing.

PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (tense does not change)

She said, “She had visited a doctor”

He said, “I had started a business”

I said, “she had eaten the meal”

They said, “we had not gone to New York.

She said that she had visited a doctor.

He said that he had started a business.

I said that she had eaten the meal.

They said they had not gone to New York.

 FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
WILL changes into WOULD

He said, “I will study the book”

She said, “I will buy a computer”

They said to me, “we will send you gifts”

I said, “I will not take the exam”

He said that he would study the book.

She said that she would buy a computer.

They said to me that they would send you gifts.

I said that I would not take the exam.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
WILL BE changes into WOULD BE

I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him”

She said,” I will be shifting to new home”

He said, “I will be working hard”

He said, “he will not be flying kite”

I said to him that I would be waiting for him.

She said that she would be shifting to a new home.

He said that he would be working hard.

She said that he would not be flying kites.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
WILL HAVE changes into WOULD HAVE

He said, “I will have finished the work”

She said, “they will have passed the examination”

He said, “I will have gone”

He said that he would have finished the work.

She said that they would have passed the examination.

He said that he would have gone.

Note: The tense of reported speech may not change if reported speech is a universal truth though its reporting verb belongs to past tense.

Examples.
       Direct speech: He said, “Mathematics is a science”
       Indirect Speech: He said that mathematics is a science.
       Direct speech: He said, “Sun rises in east”
       Indirect Speech: He said that sun rises in east. (Tense didn’t change because                                    reported speech is a universal truth thought its reporting verb                                    belongs to past tense)
REFERENCES :-  http://www.studyandexam.com/indirect-speech-for-tense.html
RANGKUMAN BAHAA INGGRIS SMA (GAGAS MEDIA ELANG YUDANTORO)